{"id":1520,"date":"2024-08-08T09:07:50","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T02:07:50","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/?p=1520"},"modified":"2024-08-08T09:08:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T02:08:48","slug":"xa-phong-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/xa-phong-hoat-dong-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p nhau. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u1eafc m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5m (95% l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan. M\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu t\u1eafm b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft nh\u1eddn b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ra sao khi x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda m\u1ea1nh? C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ea1ch da kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00fat. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i. N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0a d\u1ea7u (k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch ra. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf sau.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 hai (l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c). C\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u. C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u00ean trong g\u1ed3m h\u1ea1t neutron kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t proton c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Xoay quanh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c electron \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, ch\u00fang chia s\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c cho c\u00e1c electron. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb b\u1eb1ng nhau b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch (kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c)<\/p>\n

Khi s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sao cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u kia mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ebft d\u01a1 tr\u00ean da \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c n\u00ean x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t nh\u0169 h\u00f3a. Ch\u1ea5t nh\u0169 h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia gi\u00fap hai ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ho\u00e1 (D\u1ea7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u2013 acid b\u00e9o c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u c\u00e1m g\u1ea1o, d\u1ea7u d\u1eeba tinh khi\u1ebft x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi NaOH) th\u00ec mu\u1ed1i Natri c\u1ee7a acid b\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 2 \u0111\u1ea7u: \u0110\u1ea7u \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd h\u00f2a tan ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec \u01b0a d\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n tan ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n tan trong d\u1ea7u. Khi b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mixen.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a mixen. C\u00f2n c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i ngu\u1ec7ch ngo\u1ea1c \u01b0a d\u1ea7u (k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc) thu h\u00fat d\u1ea7u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n gi\u1eef ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u1eadt ch\u1eb7t \u1edf trung t\u00e2m. Khi b\u1ea1n r\u1eeda l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mixen mang theo ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n nh\u1eddn b\u1ecb r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i theo.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda tay b\u1ea9n, d\u00ednh d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0a? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u tan ch\u1ea3y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u1eafn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef5 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc (ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111u\u00f4i k\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc (kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c). Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01a1n h\u01a1n, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nhau h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0, s\u1eefa t\u1eafm hay c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia, c\u00f2n x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00ec x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ecdt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n d\u1ea7u nh\u1eddn th\u1eeba tr\u00ean da c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean!<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t trung gian gi\u00fap mang d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 tr\u00ean da b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p nhau. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u1eafc m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1t d\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5m (95% l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan. M\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1521,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[653],"class_list":["post-1520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-va-su-kien","tag-xa-phong"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dung-gi-thay-the-khi-nuoc-rua-tay-800x445.jpg",800,445,true],"list":["\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dung-gi-thay-the-khi-nuoc-rua-tay-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dung-gi-thay-the-khi-nuoc-rua-tay-300x169.jpg",300,169,true],"full":["\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/dung-gi-thay-the-khi-nuoc-rua-tay.jpg",800,450,false]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1520","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1520"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1520\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1524,"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1520\/revisions\/1524"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.w88.tours\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}